Hackers
weren’t always known for being social misfits and Internet ninjas. In fact, the
word “hacker” was originally a positive term, indicating someone who had an
extensive knowledge of computers and computer networks. It wasn’t until
Hollywood got their hands on the word that it became synonymous with “criminal
computer expert.”
In this
article, I’m going to jump back to the original definition and explore the
world of “good hackers,” otherwise known as “white hat hackers.” If you’re
looking to learn more about hackers of the evil and malicious variety, you may
want to check out my previous article about 5 Best Hacker in the World
Let’s take a
look at five of the most influential computer experts that have helped shape
the world to be what it is today. You may not know these people by name, but
there’s a good chance you’ve heard of their work.
Have you ever
heard of Steve Jobs? Of course you have! Well, Steve “Woz” Wozniak is known for
being the “other Steve” of Apple Computers. Along with Jobs, Wozniak co-founded
the company and paved the way towards what would later become a massive
international success.
Before Apple
existed, Wozniak began his computer career by creating something called blue
boxes, a device that could bypass traditional telephone switch mechanisms in
order to make free long-distance calls. Wozniak and Jobs built these boxes
together and ended up selling them to their college classmates. From there,
they progressed to bigger and better ideas.
After
dropping out of college, Wozniak invented a computer that could be sold as a
fully assembled PC board. The rest is, as they say, history. Wozniak was
inducted into the National Inventors Hall of Fame in September 2000.
Linus
Torvalds is the creator of Linux, a family of operating systems that brought
the flexibility and security of Unix-based systems to the public in an
easy-to-digest manner. Linux has been growing in popularity over the past
decade and it is poised as a very real alternative to Windows and Mac.
Torvalds
started his hacking by fiddling around with his personal machines when he was a
child. In 1991, he created the first version of the Linux kernel using the
Minix operating system as his source of inspiration. Eventually, he asked for
contributors to help him out. Fast forward many years later and now Linux is
popular worldwide.
Though he
wasn’t the first proponent of open-source software, the spread of Linux surely
helped the growth of the open-source community. Without him, there would be no
operating system that works as a strong replacement for the two main
contenders. Torvalds has certainly made an impact in the world of computers.
Tim
Berners-Lee is credited as the brilliant mind behind the creation of the World
Wide Web–not to be confused as the creator of the Internet, which he isn’t. He
is the creator of the actual system that we all use to navigate the Internet in
order to access particular files, folders, and websites.
He got his
start with electronics at a relatively young age. When he was a student at
Oxford University, Berners-Lee managed to build a computer from scratch using a
soldering iron, TTL gates, an M6800 processor, and parts from an old
television.
Later, he
worked with CERN and developed an inhouse system that allowed researchers to
share and update information quickly. This would be the seedling idea that
eventually grew into the hypertext protocol for the World Wide Web.
Julian
Assange is a computer programmer and journalist who is best known for founding
WikiLeaks, a website that publishes documents provided by
“whistleblowers,”
or people who disclose information regarding allegedly illegal or dishonest
activities within a government department. WikiLeaks was first launched in
2006.
At the age of
16, Assange began to hack using the handle “Mendax,” a name derived from the
Latin splendide mendax meaning “a splendid liar.” He operated under a
self-imposed code that included: 1) not harming systems that he broke into, 2)
not altering information in systems that he broke into, and 3) sharing
information whenever possible.
This behavioral
code was the beginning of what would later become his driving philosophy for
WikiLeaks. For Assange, access to government documents and open transparency
was an integral aspect of a properly functioning government because it provided
public oversight.
Funny enough,
Tsutomu Shimomura is a white hat hacker who gets his fame from an incident with
a black hat hacker, Kevin Mitnick. Specifically, Mitnick sent a personal attack
to Shimomura by hacking into his computers. In response, Shimomura decided to
help the FBI in capturing Mitnick.
In a battle
of wits, Shimomura managed to outclass Mitnick by hacking a cell phone and
using it to monitor phone calls. Using Mitnick’s own phone against him,
Shimomura tracked him down to an apartment complex and Mitnick was quickly
arrested. The events of this incident were later adapted to the big screen in a
movie called Takedown.
Mitnick is one of the best black hat hacker in the world.
Mitnick is one of the best black hat hacker in the world.
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